La causa principal de la diabetes tipo 2 es la edad y la segunda es la obesidad o sobrepeso. Sobre todo la grasa abdominal que se acumula alrededor de la cintura y que afecta a la resistencia a la insulina y, por lo tanto, a la diabetes tipo 2.
Prevención de diabetes Tipo 2
Según explica la Dra. Iciar Galicia Martín, jefa de nuestro Servicio de Endocrinología, la diabetes tipo 2 se puede evitar. Esto puede hacerse si se siguen unos hábitos de vida saludable, donde no falte una dieta variada, rica en frutas y verduras, aceite de oliva, frutos secos, legumbres y pescados. «Es nuestra dieta mediterránea, con la que se reduce la incidencia o riesgo de desarrollar diabetes», apunta nuestra endocrinóloga.
Y es que hay que recordar que se ha demostrado que con la dieta mediterránea, la realización de ejercicio físico y manteniendo el peso adecuado en relación a nuestra altura, se puede evitar o retrasar la aparición de diabetes. De hecho, «un estudio español, el estudio Predimed, que por desgracia no ha tenido mucha relevancia social aquí, ha demostrado que nuestra dieta evita el desarrollo de diabetes y otras muchas enfermedades cardiovasculares», comenta la Dra. Iciar Galicia Martín, quien advierte del aumento de la obesidad en niños con las repercusiones para la salud que esto puede tener.
Prevención de diabetes en niños
Por eso, la prevención en los niños se puede y se debe hacer igual que en adultos. Evitar el sobrepeso y la obesidad con una dieta adecuada y ejercicio. Estas pautas son complicadas de seguir porque a los niños y a los adolescentes les gusta mucho la bollería industrial, los fritos, la comida rápida, los refrescos azucarados… Pero debemos enseñarles desde las primeras etapas de la vida a comer bien y ha llevar unos hábitos de vida saludable. De esta forma, podremos evitar que niños con sobrepeso u obesos se conviertan en adultos con estos problemas, que, a su vez, son factores de riesgo de otras enfermedades.
Para la Dra. Iciar Galicia Martín, el cambio en el estilo de vida es más eficaz que los medicamentos a la hora de prevenir la diabetes tipo 2.
Contenido validado por la Dra. Iciar Galicia, Endocrina del Hospital de Torrejón
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